A gendarmerie or gendarmery ( /dʒɛnˈdɑrmərɪ/ or /ˌʒɑːndɑrməˈriː/) is a military body charged with police duties among civilian populations. The members of such a body are called gendarmes. The term maréchaussée (or marshalcy) may also be used (e.g., Royal Marechaussee) but is now uncommon.
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Country | English name | Native-language name | Notes |
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Algeria | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale (الدرك الوطني) | |
Argentina | Argentine National Gendarmerie | Gendarmería Nacional Argentina | |
Bangladesh | Bangladesh Ansar | ||
Barbados | National Task Force | ||
Belarus | Special Purpose Police Unit | Otryad Militsii Osobogo Naznacheniya (Отряд милиции особого назначения) | |
Benin | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
Bhutan | Royal Bhutan Police | ||
Brazil | Military Police |
Polícia Militar |
The Military Police are not the police of the armed forces |
Bulgaria | National Gendarmerie Service | Zhandarmeriya (Жандармерия) | |
Burkina Faso | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Burundi | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Cambodia | Royal Gendarmerie of Cambodia | ||
Cameroon | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Canada | Royal Canadian Mounted Police | Gendarmerie royale du Canada | |
Canada | Canadian Forces Military Police | Police militaire des Forces canadiennes | Technically sworn as peace officers whom can arrest civilians on military bases |
Central African Republic | Gendarmerie | ||
Chad | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Chile | Carabiniers of Chile | Carabineros de Chile | |
China | People's Armed Police | Zhōngguó Rénmín Wǔzhuāng Jǐngchá Bùduì (中国人民武装警察部队) | The PAP does not perform military police duties. This function is tasked with units within the People's Liberation Army. |
Colombia | Corps of Carabiners Mobile Carabinier Squadrons |
Cuerpo de Carabineros Escuadrones Móviles de Carabineros |
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Comoros | Gendarmerie | ||
Costa Rica | Public Force | Fuerza Pública | |
D. R. Congo | Gendarmerie | ||
Djibouti | Gendarmerie | ||
Egypt | Central Security Forces | ||
France | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
Gabon | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Guinea | Gendarmerie | ||
Haiti | Haitian National Police | Police Nationale d'Haiti | |
Hungary | Service of Law Enforcement and Public Safety | Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat | |
India | Corps of Military Police Central Reserve Police Force Indian Home Guard Railway Protection Force |
The Military Police Corps (nicknamed Red Berets) is a component of the Indian Army. The Central Reserve Police Force, including its specialized wing the Rapid Action Force, Railway Protection Force and Indian Home Guard are components of the paramilitary forces of India. |
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Iraq | National Police | Not to be confused with civilian Iraqi Police Service, although at present both are highly militarised | |
Israel | Israel Border Police | Mishmar HaGvul (משמר הגבול) | |
Italy | Corps of Carabineers Finance Guard/ Customs |
Arma dei Carabinieri Guardia di Finanza |
The Carabinieri is a component of the Italian Armed Forces and the Guardia di Finanza is a State Military Force and a Police Armed Corps who is part of the Italian Armed Forces, although they are controlled by different ministries |
Ivory Coast | Gendarmerie | ||
Lebanon | Lebanese Gendarmerie | Amen el Dakhli | Nicknamed "El Darak" |
Madagascar | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Mali | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Mauritania | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Mexico | Federal Police | Policia Federal | Civilian status, but largely composed of military personnel transferred en masse from the Mexican army's 3rd Military Police Brigade in 1999. |
Moldova | Carabinier Troops | Trupele de Carabinieri | |
Monaco | Prince's Company of Carabiniers | Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince | The Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers provide an armed support service |
Morocco | Royal Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Royale (الدرك الملكي) | |
Netherlands | Royal Marechaussee | Koninklijke Marechaussee | |
Niger | National Police of Niger | Includes the National Gendarmerie and the Niger Internal Security Forces. | |
Pakistan | Pakistan Rangers Frontier Corps Mehran Force |
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Poland | Military Gendarmerie | Żandarmeria Wojskowa | |
Portugal | National Republican Guard | Guarda Nacional Republicana | |
Romania | Romanian Gendarmerie | Jandarmeria Română | |
Russia | Internal Troops | Vnutrenniye Voiska (Внутренние войска) | |
Rwanda | Gendarmerie | ||
San Marino | Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino Guard of the Rock |
Gendarmeria Guardia di Rocca |
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Senegal | Gendarmerie Nationale | National Gendarmerie | |
Serbia | Gendarmerie | Žandarmerija (Жандармерија) | |
Spain | Civil Guard | Guardia Civil | |
Switzerland | Border Guard Corps Federal Office of Police |
Both have civilian status. (The cantonal police of the French-speaking cantons are called gendarmerie, but do not fit any of the criteria.) |
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Togo | National Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Nationale | |
Tunisia | Garde Nationale | National Guard | |
Turkey | Gendarmerie | Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı | |
Uganda | Uganda Police Force | ||
Ukraine | Internal Troops | Vnutrisni Viys'ka Ukrayiny (Внутрішні війська України) | |
United States | United States Coast Guard | Charged with maritime law enforcement and civil shipping and boating regulation; a component of the Department of Homeland Security; one of the five armed forces of the United States | |
Vatican City | Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City | Corpo della Gendarmeria dello Stato della Città del Vaticano | General responsibility for security and public order which encompasses all regular police duties, including border control, crime prevention and investigation, and enforcement of financial and commercial regulations. |
Venezuela | Venezuelan National Guard | Guardia Nacional de Venezuela | |
Europe | European Gendarmerie Force | French: Force de gendarmerie européenne Italian: Forza di Gendarmeria Europea Portuguese: Força de Gendarmerie Europeia Spanish: Fuerza de Gendarmería Europea |
Formed by five members of the European Union: France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, the purpose was the creation of a European intervention force which would have gendarmerie functions and be specialized in crisis management. More countries will be allowed to join in the future. |
Country | English name | Native-language name | Formed | Disbanded | Notes |
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Afghanistan | Defenders of the Revolution | Sarandoy | ~1980 | ~1988 | Formed and employed under the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan |
Albania | Royal Albanian Gendarmerie | Xhandarmëria Mbretërore e Shqipëris | 1924 | ~1939 | Formed as a counterweight to the Royal Albanian Army, it employed British advisors on its staff and with the units |
Austria | Federal Gendarmerie | Bundesgendarmerie | 1849 | 2005 | Dissolved under occupation from 1938 to 1945. Merged with other agencies to form new Bundespolizei in 2005 |
Belgium | Belgian Gendarmerie | French: Gendarmerie Dutch: Rijkswacht |
1796 | 2001 | Was formed under French rule in what now is Belgian territory, even before the establishment of Belgium itself (1830). Merged with federal and local police to form a new policing system |
Colombia | National Gendarmerie Corps | Cuerpo de Gendarmeria Nacional | 1906 | 1909 | Created to function decentralized from the National Police command and more militarized regime, managed by the Ministry of War. In 1909 General Jorge Holguín suppressed the National Gendarmerie Corps and gave the provincial governors the authority to organize police services at their own will |
Czechoslovakia | Czechoslovakian Gendarmerie | Československé četnictvo | 1918 | 1942 | Managed by the Ministry of Interior. In 1942 merged with police and fire brigades. After the liberation in 1945 created a unified police force—the Corps of National Security (SNB)—that amalgamated gendarmerie, police and intelligence. |
Crete | Cretan Gendarmerie | Κρητική Χωροφυλακή, Kritiki Chorofylaki | 1899 | 1916 | |
Denmark | Border Gendarmerie | Grænsegendarmeriet | 1838 | 1958 | Pre-dated by De Blå Gendarmer (1885–1897) |
El Salvador | National Guard | Guardia Nacional | 1912 | 1922 | |
Ethiopia | Ethiopian Gendarmery | Zabagna | 1916 | 1936 | Included the Kebur Zabagna Imperial Guard |
Germany | Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie or Landjäger | mid-20th century | ||
Greece | Greek Gendarmerie | Ελληνική Χωροφυλακή, Elliniki Chorofylaki | 1833 | 1984 | Merged with the City Police and formed the current Greek Police |
Hungary | Csendőrség | 1945 | After the change of the regime in 1989, a new gendarmerie-type police force within the frameworks of the Hungarian National Police:, Rendészeti Biztonsági Szolgálat, was formed | ||
Iran | Islamic Republic of Iran Gendarmerie | ? | 1979 | 1990 | Persian Central Government Gendarmerie 1911-1921, Amniyeh Kol-e Mamlekati 1921-1943, GENMISH 1943-1957, State Gendarmerie 1957-1979, gendarmerie dissolved in 1990 |
Ireland | Royal Irish Constabulary[1] | 1822 | 1922 | Royal added to the name in 1867.[2] | |
Italy | Italian Africa Police | Polizia dell'Africa Italiana | 1936 | 1944 | Operated throughout Italian East Africa |
National Republican Guard | Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana | 1943 | 1945 | Formed by the Italian Social Republic | |
Japan | Corps of Law Soldiers (lit) | Kempeitai | 1881 | 1945 | Part of the Imperial Japanese Army |
Naval Secret Police | Tokkeitai, 特警隊 | 1945 | The Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, they were equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai. They were also the smallest military police service. | ||
Special Higher Police | (特別高等警察, Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu | 1911 | 1945 | Often shortened to Tokkō (特高, Tokkō ?),established specifically to investigate and control political groups and ideologies deemed to be a threat to public order. Its main function was as a civilian counterpart to the military's Kempeitai. | |
National Rural Police | National force in Japan until formation of JSDF and NPA | ||||
Luxembourg | Grand Ducal Gendarmerie | Gendarmerie Grand-Ducale | 1733 | 2002 | Dissolved under occupation from 1940 to 1952. Merged with Grand Ducal Police in 2002 |
Mexico | Rural Guard | Guardia Rural | 1861 | 1914 | In modern Mexico the name is applied to members of a part-time Rural Defence Corps |
Nicaragua | Nicaraguan Civil Guard | Guardia Civil Nicaragüense | 1909 | 1979 | Dissolved along with the Somoza regime. Concept of the Civil Guard were integrated into what would later become the National Police of Nicaragua |
Palestine (British Mandate) | British Gendarmerie | 1920 | 1926 | Replaced by Transjordan Frontier Force on 1 April | |
Peru | Peruvian Gendarmerie | Gendarmería Nacional del Perú | 1852 | 1924 | Became the basis of the Civil Guard |
Philippines | Philippine Constabulary | Hukbong Pamayapa ng Pilipinas | 1901 | 1991 | Became the basis of the present Philippine National Police |
Portugal | Fiscal Guard | Guarda Fiscal | 1885 | 1993 | It was military force controlled by the Portuguese Ministry of Finance, responsible for the tax and customs law enforcement and border surveillance. In 1993, it became part of the National Republican Guard, as the Fiscal Brigade. |
Russian Empire | Special Corps of Gendarmes | Отдельный корпус жандармов | 1836 | 1917 | |
US Forces in West Germany | United States Constabulary | - | 1946 | 1952 | |
United States Indian Territory | Lighthorse | ? | The name given by the Five Civilized Tribes of the United States to their mounted police force. The US Army's cavalry performed gendarme duties until the advent of law and order. | ||
Vatican City | Corps of Gendarmes | Corpo della Gendarmeria | 1816 | 1974 | Replaced by a civilian Central Security Office which itself became the Corpo di Vigilanza dello Stato della Città del Vaticano |